华西毛茛属五新种(4)

本种与基隆毛茛(RanunculushirtellusRoyle)在亲缘关系上相近，与后者的区别在于本种的基生叶较小，宽6～14 mm，只在上面被短柔毛，下面无毛，最下部茎生叶具长柄，常为三出复叶，花单生茎顶端。在基隆毛茛，基生叶较大，宽达5 cm，两面被短柔毛，茎生叶具短柄或近无柄，均为单叶，3深裂或3全裂，花2～3朵组成单歧聚伞花序[4]。

铜仁毛茛 图1：G～L

RanunculustongrenensisW. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1: G-L

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Species nova haec est affinisUlbr., qui caulibus puberulis, stolonibus nullis, foliorum caulinorum segmentis rhombicis 3-dentatis vel 3-lobatis, flore staminibus numberosis praedito recedit.

Small perennial herbs. Stems 1-2, 3.5-6.5 cm tall, strigillose, simple, 2-foliate. Basal leaves several, long petiolate; blades papery, pentagonal, 4-9×6-17 mm, at base cordate, 3-sect, rarely 3-parted, central segment rhombic-obovate or rhombic, 3-lobed or 3-fid, lateral segments larger, obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-lobed to 2-parted; surfaces adaxially and abaxially sparsely puberulous or subglabrous; petioles slender, 12-65 mm long, glabrous. Cauline leaves smaller, shortly petiolate or sessile, 3-sect, with linear, entire segments. Stolons sometimes present, slender, ca. 20 cm long, 0.8 mm across, sparsely appressed-puberulous, simple, 2-3-foliate; leaves ternate, lower one long petiolate, upper ones shortly petiolate or subsessile, leaflets 1-2 times dissected, with narrowly laneolate or linear lobes. Flowers singly ternminal. Receptacle glabrous. Sepals 5, navicular-elliptic, ca. 2.2×1 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially puberulous. Petals 5, yellow, broadly obovate, ca. 5×4.5 mm, glabrous, nectary pits minute; claws inconspicuous. Stamens ca. 6, glabrous; filaments narrowly linear, 0.5-1 mm long; anthers narrowly oblong, 0.8-1 mm long. Carpels ca. 40, glabrous; ovaries ovoid, 0.6-1 mm long; styles ca. 0.6 mm long.

青海(Qinghai)：铜仁县(Tongren Xian), alt. 4 000 m, high summit, often under forest, herb, fls. yellow, 1936-09-15,王作宾(T.P.Wang)3204(holotype,PE).

本种与太白山毛茛(RanunculuspetrogeitonUlbr.)在亲缘关系上接近，与后者的区别在于本种的茎被短糙伏毛，常具匍匐茎，茎生叶的全裂片条形，全缘，花具6枚雄蕊。在太白山毛茛，茎疏被短柔毛，无匍匐茎，茎生叶的全裂片菱形，具3齿或3浅裂，花具多数雄蕊[4]。

舟曲毛茛 图2：A～E

RanunculuszhouquensisW. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig.2:A-E

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Ob folia 3-secta, flores singulariter terminales, petala oblonga species nova haec est affinis R. micronivali Hand.-Mazz., qui caulibus humilibus 4-6 cm altis, foliis basalibus omnibus simplicibus minoribus usque ad 1.1 cm latis, petalis majoribus 4-5.2 mm longis, ovario stylo breviore distinguitur.

Perennial herbs. Fibrous roots ca. 6 cm long, at base 1 mm across, downwards gradually thinning. Stems 1-3, slender, 10-20 cm tall, near base 0.3-0.8 mm across, near apex sparsely puberulous, branched. Basal leaves several, with lower cauline leaves long petiolate, simple, rarely ternate; blades thin-papery, pentagonal, 0.5-1.5×1.1-2.4 cm, at base cordate, (2-)3-sect, segments sessile, rarely shortly petiolulate, central segement obovate or broadly rhombic, 0.4-1 cm broad, 3-lobed, lateral segments larger, obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-fid; surfaces adaxially appressed-puberulous, abaxially glabrous; petioles slender, 4-10 cm long, glabrous. Upper cauline leaves smaller, shortly petiolate or subsessile, with narrowly lanceolate or linear segments. Flowers singly terminal to stem and branches. Receptacle glabrous. Sepals caducous, not seen. Petals 5, oblong, ca. 3.8×1.5 mm, glabrous, trinerved, apex truncate-rounded, nectary pits small, claws ca. 0.5 mm long. Stamens ca. 7, glabrous; filaments narrowly linear, 1.2-1.7 mm long; anthers oblong, 0.5-0.6 mm long. Carpels ca. 20, glabrous; ovaries narrowly ovate, 0.8-1.5 mm long; styles 0.5-0.6 mm long. Aggregate fruit ovoid, 5×3-3.5 mm; achenes biconvex, suborbicular, 1.4-1.8×1.1-1.4 mm, glabrous; persitent styles 0.5-0.7 mm long.

图2 A～E.舟曲毛茛：A.植株全形；B.花瓣；C.雄蕊群和雌蕊群；D.聚合果；E.瘦果 F～G.崇州毛茛：F.植株全形；G.瘦果 H～N.共和毛茛：H.植株全形；I.基生叶叶片；J.萼片(腹面观)；K.花瓣；L.雄蕊群和雌蕊群；M.心皮；N.瘦果Fig.2 ：A.Habit; B.Petal; and gynoecium; fruit; E.Achene ：F.Habit; G.Achene ：H.Habit; I.Blade of basal leaf; J.Sepal(ventral view); K.Petal; and gynoecium; M.Carpel; N.Achene(from holotype)

甘肃(Gansu)：舟曲县，插岗林场(Zhouqu Xian,Chagang Tree Farm), alt. 2 750 m，沟边(by streams), 1998-07-21，孔宏智(H. Z. Kong) 98-40(holotype, PE).

本种与窄瓣毛茛(RanunculusmicronivalisHand.-Mazz.)在亲缘关系上相近，与后者的区别在于本种的茎高10～20 cm，基生叶为单叶，少数为三出复叶，较大，宽达2.4 cm，花瓣较小，长约3.8 mm，子房比花柱长。在窄瓣毛茛，茎低矮，高4～6 cm，基生叶均为单叶，较小，宽达1.1 cm，花瓣较大，长4～5.2 mm，子房比花柱短[4]。

文章来源：《华西药学杂志》 网址: http://www.hxyxzz.cn/qikandaodu/2020/1015/345.html